Caregiver burden, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve, anxiety levels, and perceived social support in relatives of patients with open heart surgery

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiver burden, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve score, anxiety levels, and the perceived social support of the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery. METHODS: Volunteers among the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery in our cardiovascular surgery clinic and were followed up in the first 3 months were included in the study. The cardiovascular surgeons recorded the sociodemographic data of the relatives of the patients and directed them to a psychiatry clinic for further evaluation. The caregiver burden scale, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve scale, anxiety level scale, and perceived social support scale were applied to the relatives of the patients who participated in the study. RESULTS: Within the scope of the study, a total of 51 individuals, 29.4% (n=15) men and 70.6% (n=36) women, were included in the evaluation. The participants' ages ranged from 32 to 68 years, with an average age of 48 years. There was a statistically significant relationship between the caregiving burden scale score and the scale scores other than age (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of caregiving burden scale score, working status, physical and psychological problems, changes in home life, and changes in family relationships (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The fact that the need for security and intimacy is related to anxiety and depression can be interpreted as the caregiving problems of the relatives of the patients who think that their patients are safe and feel closer to the intensive care personnel will decrease. Their depression and anxiety levels will also decrease.

Related-factors of social support for students' physical activity in a network perspective / Fatores relacionados ao suporte social para atividade física de estudantes em uma perspectiva de rede

This study investigates the relationship between social support and moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as the possible relationships between social support and socioeconomic status, gender and body mass index. Cross-sectional study with a non-randomized sample of 71 students (boys and girls) aged 7 to 12 and their parents or legal guardians. Social support and socioeconomic status were assessed using validated questionnaires. Height and body mass measurements were used for the body mass index equation. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was measured by accelerometers. The associations between all variables were tested by a network analysis. Moderate to vigorous physical activity is negatively correlated with socioeconomic status, body mass index and a question from the social support questionnaire: "How many times in the last week have you watched your child be physically active?". We observed a positive correlation between moderate to vigorous physical activity with gender and a question from the social support questionnaire: "How many times in the last week did you provide transport for your child's physical activity?". Thus, moderate to vigorous physical ac-tivity has a negative correlation with socioeconomic status, body mass index and the variable "parents sometimes observe their child to be physically active", and parents who provide transportation for the child to practice physical activity. In future, it is import to consider the network analysis in the intervention studies to promote adolescents' physical activity

Este estudo investiga a relação entre suporte social e atividade física moderada-vigorosa, bem como as possíveis relações entre suporte social e nível socioeconômico, gênero e índice de massa corporal. Estudo transversal com amostra não randomizada de 71 escolares (meninos e meninas) de 7 a 12 anos e seus pais ou responsáveis. Apoio social e nível socioeconômico foram avaliados por meio de questionários validados. Medidas de altura e massa corporal foram usadas para a equação do índice de massa corporal. Atividade física moderada-vigorosa foi medida por acelerômetros. As associações entre todas as variáveis foram testadas por uma análise de rede. A atividade física moderada a vigorosa está negativamente correlacionada com o nível socioeconômico, índice de massa corporal e uma questão do questionário de apoio social: "Quantas vezes na última semana você observou seu filho ser fisicamente ativo?". Observou-se correlação positiva entre atividade física moderada-vigorosa com o gênero e uma questão do questionário de apoio social: "Quantas vezes na última semana você forneceu transporte para a atividade física de seu filho?". Assim, a atividade física moderada-vigorosa tem correlação negativa com o nível socioeconômico, índice de massa corporal e a variável "os pais às vezes observam que seu filho é fisicamente ativo, e pais que fornecem transporte para a criança praticar atividade física. No futuro, é importante considerar a análise de rede nos estudos de intervenção para promover a atividade física em adolescentes

PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT IN RELATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG SCHOOL TEACHERS

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of various levels of social support with quality of life (QOL) among school teachers in Kashmir. It has been found that social support and its three dimensions namely support from significant others; support from family and support from friends had a positive significant relationship with quality of life and its four dimensions. Understanding the relationship between perceived social support and QOL in teachers may provide guidance to the healthcare providers, family members and social services about the importance of social support to the nation builders of the society.

Relationship of college students’ risk perception of COVID-19 and their anxiety and depression: A moderated mediation model / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the effects of perceived risk of COVID-19 of college students on their anxiety and depression, as well as the roles of attention to negative information and perceived social support, so as to provide theoretical basis for colleges and universities to formulate corresponding intervention measures. 【Methods】 By the convenience sampling method, totally 1 404 college students from Shaanxi and Henan provinces were investigated online by using General Information Questionnaire, Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Perceived Social Support Scale. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis, Pearson correlation method was used to explore the correlation between variables. The mediating effect of attention to negative information and the moderating effect of perceived social support were analyzed by PROCESS. 【Results】 The scores of anxiety and depression of the 1 404 college students included in the study were 4.03±4.48 and 6.21±5.41, respectively. The detection rate of anxiety symptom was 29.9%, and that of depression symptom was 44.4%. The risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic of the college students was positively correlated with attention to negative information (r=0.373, P<0.001), anxiety (r=0.227, P<0.001), and depression (r=0.226, P<0.001). Anxiety (r=0.553, P<0.001) and depression (r=0.497, P<0.001) were positively correlated with attention to negative information, while perceived social support was negatively correlated with the risk perception of the COVID-19 (r=-0.154, P<0.001), attention to negative information (r=-0.259, P<0.001), anxiety (r=-0.321, P<0.001) and depression (r=-0.278, P<0.001). The risk perception of COVID-19 affected the anxiety and depression of the students mainly through the mediating effect of attention to negative information. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety was 0.227, and the mediating effect accounted for 80.18% of the total effect. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and depression was 0.228, and the mediating effect accounted for 90.35% of the total effect. Perceived social support played a moderating role in the last half of this mediating model. 【Conclusion】 Risk perception of COVID-19 indirectly affects the occurrence of anxiety and depression in college students through attention to negative information, and perceived social support plays a moderating role in this mediating model. The findings suggest that when a risk event occurs, colleges and universities should pay attention to guiding students to adjust their attentional bias to external information, and give students enough care and support to improve their mental health.

Study on the social support level of family doctor team members of primary medical and health care institutions in Tai′an city / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To compare the social support levels as understood by family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers, and village clinics/community clinics, and their influencing factors, in order to provide reference for improving the work status of family doctor team members and enhancing the quality of family doctors′ contracted services.Methods:A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to sample medical workers from contracted family doctor teams in township hospitals/community health centers and their subordinate village clinics/community clinics in 6 counties (cities, districts) of Tai′an city, Shandong province. In August 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the perceived level of social support among family doctor team members using the perceived social support scale. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the data, and independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to conduct univariate analysis on the influencing factors of perceived social support scores of family doctor team members at different levels, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct multivariate analysis. Results:A total of 765 valid questionnaires were collected, with 203 and 562 from township hospitals/community health centers and village clinics/community clinics, respectively. The total perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers and village clinics/community clinics were (65.56±10.29) and (67.31±10.14), respectively, featuring statistically significant differences ( t=-2.11, P<0.05). In-mirage marital status ( β=0.18, P=0.008), good/very good self-rated health status ( β= 0.25, P=0.048), participation of work-related training within one year ( β=0.17, P=0.010), relatively satisfied/very satisfied for job promotion ( β= 0.17, P=0.046), as well as above/far above average self-rated economic status as ( β=-0.15, P=0.027), were the influencing factor on the perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers. In-marriage marital status ( β= 0.12, P=0.002), good/very good self-rated health status ( β=0.14, P=0.026), junior or intermediate level or above professional title ( β=-0.11, P=0.003; β=-0.10, P=0.006), participation of work-related training within one year ( β= 0.14, P<0.001), and relatively satisfied/very satisfied for job promotion ( β= 0.16, P<0.001) were the influencing factors on the perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in village clinics/community clinics. Conclusions:Members of the family doctor teams in primary medical institutions in Tai′an city had a higher level of understanding of social support. There were differences in the social support levels of family doctor team members between the two levels of primary medical and health care institutions, and the influencing factors were not completely consistent. Targeted measures should be taken based on specific circumstances to enable them to better receive and perceive support from family and friends, and to improve the quality of family doctors′ contracted services.

Medical narrative competence and its influencing factors among nurses in Luzhou / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of medical narrative competence among nurses in Luzhou, offering theoretical insights for improving nurses′ narrative competence.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. From July 2021 to January 2022, using convenience sampling method, 267 nurses from Zhongshan Area of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Kangjian Area of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University were investigated by the general information questionnaire, Narrative Competence Scale, Nurses′ Perceived Professional Benefits Questionnaire And Perceived Social Support Scale.Results:The total scores of narrative competence of the 267 nurses was (142.25 ± 19.03), nurses′ perceived professional benefits was (137.16 ± 15.89) and perceived social support was (65.86 ± 10.38). The results of multiple linear regression showed that nurses′ perceived professional benefits and perceived social support were the important factors affecting their narrative ability ( t = 5.09 and 5.95, both P<0.05), which could account for 35.7% of the total variation of narrative competence. Conclusions:Nurses have narrative competence at low level in Luzhou. Managers should pay more attention to nurses who have poor level of perceived professional benefits and perceived social support, so as to keep the nurses′ mental health and improve nurses′ narrative competence by taking corresponding measures.

Analysis on the status quo of spiritual nursing needs and its relationship with self-perceived burden and perceived social support among elderly patients with primary glaucoma / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of spiritual nursing needs in elderly patients with primary glaucoma and its influencing factors, and to analyze its relationship with self-perceived burden and perceived social support, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing their spiritual distress and pain and meeting their spiritual nursing needs.Methods:A total of 218 elderly patients with primary glaucoma who were hospitalized in the department of ophthalmology of the First Hospital of Jilin University from March to September, 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. They were investigated by using general information questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, the Self-Perceived Burden Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. And multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of spiritual nursing needs among elderly patients with primary glaucoma.Results:The total score of spiritual nursing needs of elderly patients with primary glaucoma was (30.73 ± 4.85). The highest dimension of item average score was "building a good atmosphere" (3.02 ± 0.59), and the lowest dimension was "helping religious practice" (1.95 ± 0.63). The total scores of spiritual nursing needs and self-perceived burden were negatively correlated ( r=-0.423, P<0.01), and positively correlated with the total scores of perceived social support ( r=0.515, P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, religious belief, educational level, treatment duration, residence, self-perceived burden, and perceived social support were the main influencing factors of spiritual care needs of elderly patients with primary glaucoma, ( t values were -5.23-7.04, all P<0.01), which could explain 44.5% of the total variation. Conclusions:The spiritual nursing needs of elderly patients with primary glaucoma were at a medium level. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses should carry out targeted spiritual nursing for them according to the differences and characteristics of different patients, to reduce their self-perceived burden, and to improve perceived social support level, in order to meet their spiritual nursing needs.

Relationship between idolatry and perceived social support in secondary school students： the mediating role of peer attachment and life satisfaction / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundNowadays， idolatry is an important part of the spiritual life of secondary school students， making a significant impact on their physical and mental development. Previous research has examined the two-by-two relationship between idolatry， peer attachment， life satisfaction and perceived social support， but the potential mediating mechanisms between these variables remain to be explored. ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of peer attachment and life satisfaction between idolatry and perceived social support， so as to provide references for mental health education for secondary school students. MethodsIn June 2022， 1 059 students currently enrolled in secondary school in Qiannan State， Guizhou Province were selected according to stratified random sampling method. In this study， assessment was performed using Celebrity Attitude Scale （CAS）， Peer Attachment Subscale from Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA-R）， Satisfaction with Life Scale （SWLS） and Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS）. Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation test. Model 6 in the SPSS Macro Process 3.3 was used to examine the mediating effect of peer attachment and life satisfaction between idolatry and perceived social support in secondary school students. Results①CAS score indicated positive correlation with scores of IPPA-R Peer Attachment Subscale， SWLS and PSSS （r=0.117， 0.097， 0.115， P<0.01）. IPPA-R score indicated positive correlation with scores of SWLS and PSSS （r=0.279， 0.421， P<0.01）. SWLS score was positively correlated with PSSS score （r=0.552， P<0.01）. ②The direct effect of idolatry on perceived social support was significant （β=0.059， P<0.05）. Both separate and chain mediating effects of peer attachment and life satisfaction between idolatry and perceived social support were significant （95% CI： 0.007~0.130， 0.004~0.054， 0.001~0.016， P<0.01）. The three effects above respectively accounted for 33.56%， 13.54% and 3.93% of the total effect. ConclusionIdolatry can affect secondary school students' perceived social support both directly and indirectly through peer attachment and life satisfaction.

Relation of perceived social support to mental health in prison police： a moderated mediating analysis / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe mental health level of the prison police is relatively low， so finding innovative ways to improve the mental health of them is of great significance for the safety of prison supervision and the implementation of peaceful China initiative. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between perceived social support， perceived stress and psychological resilience with mental health of prison police， and to provide references for improving their mental health. MethodsIn March 2022， 424 policemen working in a male prison in a western province were selected by cluster sampling method， and investigated with the Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS）， Chinese Perceived Stress Scale （CPSS）， Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC） and General Health Questionnaire 20 （GHQ-20）， then Process 4.2 was used employed to verify the mediating role of perceived stress as well as the moderating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and mental health. Results①Male subjects scored higher on GHQ-20 than female subjects （t=2.095， P<0.05）. ②CPSS score was negatively correlated with PSSS and GHQ-20 scores （r=-0.670， -0.703， P<0.01）， and GHQ-20 score showed a positive correlation with PSSS and CD-RISC scores （r=0.580， 0.693， P<0.01）. ③Perceived social support positively predict mental health （β=0.154， 95% CI： 0.133~0.175， P<0.01）. ④Perceived stress played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and mental health， and the mediation effect size was 0.087， accounting for 88.78% of the total effect （95% CI： 0.064~0.112， P<0.01）. ⑤Psychological resilience played a moderating role in the second half （perceived stress→mental health） of the mediating path of "perceived social support→perceived stress→mental health"（β=0.074， 95% CI： 0.046~0.102， P<0.01）. ⑥Psychological resilience also regulated the mediation effect of perceived stress on the relationship between perceived social support and mental health ［three regression coefficients tested in turn are significant： a=-0.537 （95% CI： -0.594~-0.480， P<0.01）， b1=-0.162 （95% CI： -0.197~-0.127， P<0.01）， b3=0.074 （95% CI： 0.046~0.102， P<0.01）］. ConclusionPerceived social support of prison police has an impact on their mental health both directly and indirectly through perceived stress. In addition， perceived social support of prison police has a moderated mediation effect on mental health， and it is partially moderated by psychological resilience.［ Funded by General Project of Sichuan Prison Administrative Bureau in 2022］

Mexican Validation of the MOS Questionnaire on Perceived Social Support in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a very negative impact on people's overall mental health and psychosocial well-being, but the study of available social support to cope with such an adverse situation has received hardly any attention. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the MOS Perceived Social Support Questionnaire among the Mexican population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Non-experimental cross-sectional study. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study were applied in a non-probabilistic sample. A total of 898 people from different regions in Mexico, 258 males and 640 females, participated in the study in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The analysis yielded a bi-factor model with two factors, Emotional/informational support and Tangible support, with satisfactory goodness of fit indices. Reliability was adequate with a high hierarchical omega coefficient, as well as in the factors. Likewise, the H coefficient was adequate in the general factor and its dimensions. Conclusions: Results showed that the scale is a valid and reliable measure of perceived social support among the Mexican population.

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto muy negativo en la salud mental y el bienestar psicosocial general de las personas, pero el estudio del apoyo social disponible para hacer frente a una situación tan adversa como esta ha recibido muy poca atención. Objetivo: Examinar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario MOS de Apoyo Social Percibido en población mexicana en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Diseño no experimental transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Medical Outcomes Study en una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia. Participaron 898 personas de diferentes regiones de México, 258 hombres y 640 mujeres, durante el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Resultados: El análisis arrojó un modelo Bi-factor de dos factores Apoyo emocional/ informacional y Apoyo tangible, con índices de bondad que se ajustaron a los datos. La fiabilidad fue adecuada con un coeficiente de omega jerárquico alto, así como en los factores. Asimismo, el coeficiente H fue adecuado en el factor general y sus dimensiones. Conclusiones: La escala presenta validez y confiabilidad para medir el apoyo social percibido en población mexicana.

Social Isolation, Social Support, and Psychological Distress Among the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central India

Background: In the present COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures have been advised to protect elderly from infection which might have led to poor mental health state. Objective: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the magnitude of social isolation, social support, and psychological distress among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic in Central India. Methods: The estimated sample size was 1535. The sample was equally distributed among rural, semiurban, and urban strata of districts. Social isolation was measured using Lubben’s Social Network Scale?Revised, and psychological distress was assessed using Kessler K10 Psychological Distress Scale. Other parameters such as a history of COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 vaccination were assessed. Results: The prevalence of social isolation was higher at 23.6% during the COVID?19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic period (15.0%). The majority perceived a high level of social support during the pandemic (55.3%) and 39.9% received moderate support. Overall, 18.4% of the respondents had psychological distress. Out of them, 56.2% had mild distress, 20.1% had moderate distress, and 23.7% had severe distress. Significant predictors of psychological distress were female gender, lower socioeconomic status, history of COVID-19 disease among the participants, social isolation, and lack of social support. Conclusion: Social isolation and lack of social support were significant predictors of psychological distress among the elderly during the pandemic.

Evidências de validade da Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (EMSSP) em universitários / Evidence of the validity of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in university students

Resumo O apoio social se refere aos recursos sociais percebidos como disponíveis à pessoa e tem sido fortemente associado a desfechos em saúde física e mental. O estudo atual objetivou avaliar a consistência interna, a validação de construto e a confiabilidade teste-reteste da Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (EMSSP) em universitários do Centro Oeste brasileiro. As análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória foram realizadas com duas amostras aleatórias e independentes, ambas de 1.147 universitários da área da saúde. O estudo teste-reteste foi realizado com uma amostra de 347 estudantes de medicina e duas coletas com intervalo de 14 dias entre elas. A melhor solução foi com três fatores: família, amigos, e outros significativos, os quais apreesentaram cargas fatoriais variando entre 0,767 a 0,950 e consistência interna elevada (alfa de Cronbach de 0,96, 0,97 e 0,97, respectivamente). O ajustamento para essa solução foi adequado (χ2(g.l.)=380 (49), p<0,001; SRMR: 0,023; RMSEA: 0,077; CFI: 0,993; TLI: 0,990). A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi moderada (Kappa ponderado variando de 0,36 a 0,52). Os resultados sugerem que a EMSSP possui propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis para seu uso com universitários.

Abstract Social support refers to the social resources that a person perceives to be available and has been strongly associated with physical and mental health outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability of the Perceived Social Support Multidimensional Scale (PSSMS) in university students in the Midwest of Brazil. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed with two independent random samples, both consisting of 1,147 students. The test-retest study was carried out with a sample of 347 medical students. Data were collected in two separate moments with a 14-day interval. The solution with the best fit was the three-factor model: family, friends, and significant others. The factor loadings of the scale items ranged between 0.767 and 0.950 and each factor showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.96, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively). The model also attained adequate fit: χ2(d.f.)=380 (49), p<0.0001; SRMR=0.023; RMSEA=0.077; CFI=0.993; TLI=0.990. Test-retest reliability was moderate (weighted kappa ranging from 0.36 to 0.52). The results suggest that the PSSMS has acceptable psychometric properties for use with university students.

Antecedente de depresión, síntomas de estrés postraumático, apoyo social percibido: prediciendo la depresión posparto / History of depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, perceived social support: predicting postpartum depression

Objetivo: Describir y analizar si el apoyo social percibido modera la relación entre antecedente de depresión (AD) o síntomas de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y desarrollo de síntomas de depresión posparto (SDPP), evaluado prospectivamente. Método: Diseño longitudinal de tres tiempos: antes del parto (n = 458), primer mes posparto (n = 406) y tercer mes posparto (n = 426). Se utilizaron la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo (EPDS), la Escala de Síntomas de Estrés Postraumático (PCL-C) y la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido (MOS). Se realizó un análisis de ocho modelos jerárquicos de regresión lineal múltiple, por cada tiempo de evaluación en el estudio. Resultados: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre síntomas de TEPT y puntaje de SDPP en los tres tiempos. El apoyo social percibido es un factor protector significativo para los SDPP en los tiempos 1 y 2, mientras que el AD es un factor de riesgo significativo en los tiempos 2 y 3. Los resultados no apoyan las hipótesis de interacción. Conclusiones: El apoyo social es un factor protector significativo, que puede disminuir los SDPP; sin embargo, disminuye con el tiempo. El apoyo social no logra revertir la asociación de los síntomas de TEPT con el puntaje en SDPP.

Objective: Describe and analyze if the perceived social support moderates the relationship between depression history or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and the development of symptoms of postpartum depression, prospectively evaluated. Method: Longitudinal design of three times: before partum (n = 458), one month (n = 458) and 3 months postpartum (n = 458). The version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the version of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS) were used. Analysis of eight hierarchical multiple linear regression models. Results: A significant association was found between symptoms of post-traumatic stress and postpartum depression, in the three times measured. The perceived social support variable was found to be a significant protective factor for perinatal depression in times 1 and 2, and history of depression was significant in times 2 and 3. The results do not support the interaction hypothesis. Conclusions: Social support is a significant protective factor, which can reduce the symptoms of postpartum depression, nevertheless the significance decreases over time. However, social support fails to reverse the association of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms with symptoms of postpartum depression score.

El rol del propósito en la vida y el apoyo social percibido ante el miedo a la muerte en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en adultos mayores de CABA / The role of purpose in life and perceived social support in the face of fear of death in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults from CABA

Las últimas décadas favorecieron el proceso de transición demográfica. No obstante, la extensión de los años por vivir no siempre resultó acompañada por mejoras en la calidad de vida. A este respecto, desde la psicogerontología se ha priorizado el estudio de las variables salutogénicas. Tal es el caso del propósito en la vida y del apoyo social percibido, así como dela relación que ambos mantienen con el miedo a la muerte. Temas que cobran mayor relevancia en un contexto de pandemia. El presente trabajo se propone analizar la relación entre dichas variables en una muestra de 103 adultos mayores de CABA, de ambos sexos (Hombres=24,3%; Mujeres=75,7%), con edades entre60 y 83 años, a partir de un diseño cuantitativo-correlacional. Entre los principales resultados, se observan relaciones positivas de fuerte significatividad entre el propósito y el apoyo social y entre el miedo a la muerte y el miedo al COVID-19 AU

The last decades favored the process of demographic transition. However, the extension of the years to live was not always accompanied by improvements in the quality of life. In this regard, psychogerontology has prioritized the study of salutogenic variables. Such is the case of purpose in life and perceived social support, as well as the relationship that both maintain with the fear of death. Topics that become more relevant in a pandemic context. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between these variables in a sample of 103 older adults from CABA, of both sexes (Men=24.3%; Women=75.7%), aged between 60 and 83 years, from of a quantitative-correlational design. Among the main results, highly significant positive relationships are observed between purpose and social support and between fear of death and fear of COVID-19 AU

Differences in Resistance to Change, Optimism and Perceived Social Support among individuals with different Sexual Orientations

Background: A study was carried out to investigate differences in personality (resistance to change and state optimism) and perceived social support between heterosexual individuals and individuals with other sexual orientations. Methodology: The data for the study was collected through a Google Form questionnaire. The snowball technique was used to collect the data for this study. The final sample for the study consisted of 120 participants (60 heterosexual participants and 60 participants with other sexual orientations- 40 homosexuals, and 20 bisexuals). There were 38 females and 22 males among the heterosexual participants. They were administered the Resistance to Change Scale, State Optimism Measure and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results were statistically analysed and presented. Results: No differences between the sexual orientations were observed on the resistance to change and optimism measures. Individuals with other sexual orientations received greater support from significant others and friends as compared to heterosexuals. However, none of the mean differences in the four dimensions of resistance to change and three dimensions of perceived social support were statistically significant Conclusions: The study found no significant difference in resistance to change, state optimism and perceived social support between individuals with different sexual orientations. Further studies in larger samples are warranted.

Apoyo social, actitudes hacia la sexualidad y satisfacción vital según orientación sexual en estudiantes universitarios

Objetivo. Examinar las relaciones entre el apoyo social percibido, actitudes hacia la sexualidad y satisfacción vital entre estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gay y bisexuales (LGB), en Temuco, Chile. Método. Muestra no probabilística de 281 estudiantes universitarios (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB), quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Resultados. No hubo diferencias según orientación sexual en las actitudes hacia la sexualidad y la satisfacción vital. Estudiantes heterosexuales reportaron mayor apoyo social general y por parte de la familia y otros significativos que estudiantes LGB; ambos grupos reportaron igual apoyo de sus amistades. Únicamente, el apoyo social fue predictor de satisfacción vital. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de fortalecer fuentes de apoyo para contribuir al bienestar de estudiantes de distintas orientaciones sexuales.

Objective. To examine the relationship among perceived social support, attitude towards sexuality, and life satisfaction of heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) university students in Temuco, Chile. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 281 university students (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB) answered an online questionnaire. Results. There were no significant differences between heterosexual and LGB students in attitude towards sexuality or life satisfaction. Heterosexual students reported greater social support from their family than LGB students; both groups reported equal support from friends. Only social support was a predictor of life satisfaction. These results indicate the importance of strengthening social support from different sources to contribute to the subjective well-being of students of different sexual orientations.

Evidencia de validez de la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (EMASP) en población adulta Argentina / Evidence of Validity of the Multidimensional Social Support Scale (MSPSS) in adult Argentinian population

Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (EMASP) para adultos argentinos. La EMASP cuenta con 12 items que permiten indagar acerca del apoyo social en tres fuentes: Familia, Amigos y Otros significativos. Para este trabajo, se ha escogido un diseño instrumental. La muestra fue de tipo intencional, compuesta por 1278 adultos nacidos en Argentina con edades que oscilan entre los 18 y 83 años y de ambos sexos. En el contexto local, la EMASP muestra propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para cada uno de los factores. La validez cruzada por sexo indica que la Escala presenta índices de ajuste adecuados tanto para hombres como para mujeres. El análisis de la validez externa dio cuenta de las relaciones indirectas entre las distintas dimensiones de la ESMAP con el cuestionario Patient Health Questionnaire (PQH9), que evalúa trastorno depresivo mayor. Se concluye que la EMASP presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en población argentina.

Abstract The present work aimed to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (EMASP) for Argentine adults. The EMASP has 12 items that allow inquiring about social support from three sources: Family, Friends and Significant others. For this work, an instrumental design has been chosen. The sample was of an intentional type, consisted of 1278 adults born in Argentina aged between 18 and 83 of both sexes. In the local context, the EMASP shows adequate psychometric properties for each of the factors. Cross-validity by sex indicates that the Scale has adequate adjustment indices for both men and women. The external validity analysis revealed the indirect relationships between the different dimensions of the ESMAP with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PQH9) which assesses major depressive disorder. It is concluded that the EMASP has adequate psychometric properties for its use in the Argentine population.

Social support perceived by the older college students compared to the younger ones / Apoio social percebido por estudantes universitários mais velhos comparados aos mais jovens / Apoyo social percibido por estudiantes universitarios mayores en comparación con los más jóvenes

This study was carried out with 326 university students (126 older adults and 200 younger adults) from 13 universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It aimed to investigate the importance these older and younger students attributed to the social support, identifying the differences and similarities between them. The students completed a questionnaire that included the Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS), using the Exploratory Graph Analysis - EGA method to demonstrate the dimensionality of this scale in these groups. The results showed that promoting social support in the older adults' network could help improve their functional and educational practice and general development. This knowledge emphasizes and consolidates the role of the university in gerontological education. Social support is important for both age groups, with affective and material dimensions predominant in the older adults. (AU)

Este estudo foi realizado com 326 universitários (126 idosos e 200 jovens) em 13 universidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivou compreender a importância que os estudantes universitários mais velhos e mais jovens atribuíam ao apoio social, identificando as diferenças e semelhanças entre eles. Estes participantes preencheram um questionário que incluiu a Escala de Suporte Social (MOS-SSS), usando o método Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) para demonstrar a dimensionalidade dessa escala nesses grupos. Os resultados demonstraram que a promoção do apoio social na rede de idosos pode ajudar a melhorar suas práticas funcionais e educacionais e o desenvolvimento geral. Esse conhecimento enfatiza e consolida o papel da universidade na educação gerontológica. Este estudo demonstrou que o apoio social é importante para as duas faixas etárias, embora as dimensões afetivas e materiais sejam predominantes em relação aos idosos. (AU)

Este estudio se realizó con 326 estudiantes universitarios (126 ancianos y 200 jóvenes) de 13 universidades en el estado de Río de Janeiro. Su objetivo fue comprender la importancia que los estudiantes universitarios mayores y más jóvenes atribuían al apoyo social, identificando las diferencias y similitudes entre ellos. Dichos estudiantes completaron un cuestionario que incluía datos sociodemográficos y la Escala de Apoyo Social (MOS-SSS), utilizando el método Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) para demostrar la dimensionalidad de esta escala en estos grupos. Los resultados evidenciaron que la promoción del apoyo social en la red de ancianos puede ayudar a mejorar sus prácticas funcionales y educativas y su desarrollo general. Este dato enfatiza y consolida el papel de la universidad en la educación gerontológica. El estudio demostró que el apoyo social es importante para ambos grupos de edad, aunque las dimensiones afectivas y materiales son predominantes en los estudiantes mayores. (AU)

The mediating role of anxiety and depression for family members of ICU patients in perceived social support and fatigue / 中华内科杂志

To analyze the mediating role of anxiety and depression in perceived social support and fatigue in ICU patients′ families, and to provide a theoretical evidence for alleviating their fatigue status. A total of 223 family members of ICU patients who received treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from October 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the study subjects. The general data questionnaire, perceived social support scale (PSSS), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and fatigue assessment instrument (FAI) were used to conduct a survey. Among 223 family members of ICU patients, 155(69.51%) had fatigue problems. There were statistically significant differences in total fatigue scores of ICU patients′ family members in terms of gender, age, education level, relationship with patients, residence, payment method and per capita monthly income ( P<0.05). Anxiety, depression and fatigue were negatively correlated with perceived social support ( r are -0.353, -0.276 and -0.416, respectively, all P<0.01). Depression and fatigue were positively correlated with anxiety ( r are 0.808 and 0.703, respectively, all P<0.01), and fatigue was also positively correlated with depression ( r= 0.665, P<0.01). Anxiety and depression had a partial mediating effect on perceived social support and fatigue, and the total indirect effect size was 52.64%. Comprehensive intervention on the level of social support, anxiety and depression is helpful to improve the fatigue status of ICU patients′ family members.

Chain mediating effect of perceived social support and self-esteem between passive social network site use and depression among college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of perceived social support and self-esteem between the passive social network site use and depression among college students.Methods:Totally 1 393 college students were investigated by social website use scale, perceived social support scale, self-esteem scale and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. SPSS 20.0 and Amos 21.0 softwares were used for descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, mediating effect test and structural equation model construction.Results:The total scores of passive social network site use, perceived social support, self-esteem and depression were (13.96±3.47), (61.04±12.03), (27.28±4.35) and (31.18±8.74) respectively. The scores of passive social network site use group in perceived social support (60.03±12.25), self-esteem (27.03±4.34) and depression (31.53±9.06) were statistically different with those in the active social network site use group (perceived social support (63.61±11.03), self-esteem (27.91±4.31) and depression (30.31±7.82), t=-5.04, P<0.01, t=-3.39, P=0.001, t=2.35, P=0.019). After controlling gender variables, the use of passive social network sites was positively correlated with depression ( r=0.053, P<0.01), while negatively correlated with perceived social support and self-esteem ( r=-0.157, -0.088, P<0.01). Perceived social support was positively correlated with self-esteem ( r=0.45, P<0.01). Perceived social support and self-esteem played a partial mediating role between passive social network site use and depression. The mediating effect includes two paths: one was the separate mediating effect of social support, and the other was the chain mediating effect of perceived social support and self-esteem, which accounted for 27% and 25% of the total effect respectively. Conclusion:The use of passive social networking sites can indirectly affect depression through the perceived social support or the chain mediating of social support and self-esteem.